Fish
The individual that eavesdrops on mate-choice decisions of others does not only gain information about the two interacting individuals, however, the presence of the eavesdropper when it has been detected (eavesdropper = audience) may influence the nature of the interaction. This is called 'audience effect'. Hence, an eavesdropper does not always gain reliable information, because one or both of the two interacting individuals might be cheating each other during interaction dependent on the presence or absence of an eavesdropper.
